Machupicchu History
The name “Machu Picchu” translates simply to “old or ancient mountain”. Surrounded by numerous legends and theories regarding its location, most archaeologists agree that the sacred geography and astronomy of the site played a significant role in Inca Pachacuti’s decision to build this citadel at an altitude of 2492m. It is believed that agricultural factors, along with geo-sacred indicators, were influential, ensuring a steady supply of sacred coca and maize for the Inca nobles and priests in Cusco.
The Discovery Of Machupicchu
Never uncovered by the Spanish conquerors, the “Lost City of the Incas” remained forgotten for many centuries, known only to local indigenous people and settlers, until it was rediscovered on July 24, 1911, by the American explorer Hiram Bingham. The discovery was remarkable because the site remained relatively intact, spared from the usual destruction wrought by Spanish conquistadors or tomb raiders. Accompanied by just two locals, Bingham embarked from his base camp around 10 am, navigating a precarious bridge that he crossed on his hands and knees, before ascending a steep slope to reach the ridge around midday. After a brief rest at a small hut, he received hospitality from a local farmer who described an extensive system of terraces where they cultivated crops. Led to the site by an 11-year-old local boy named Pablito Alvarez, Bingham soon realized the significance of the ancient Inca terraces, many of which had recently been cleared of forest for agriculture. Further exploration revealed the fine white stonework, leading Bingham to recognize that he had stumbled upon the place he had been seeking.
What Is Machupicchu?
Machu Picchu is an ancient Inca citadel located at 2,430m above sea level, nestled in the Peruvian Andes of South America. Constructed in the 15th century, it served as a residential neighborhood and ceremonial center before being abandoned just one hundred years later. In 1986, UNESCO declared Machu Picchu a World Heritage site, and in 2007, it was named one of the Seven Wonders of the World due to its fame and spectacular ruins.
What is Waynapicchu Mountain?
Huayna Picchu or Wayna Picchu, also known as the “stairs of death,” is the large mountain situated directly behind Machu Picchu. For many travelers, Huayna Picchu mountain offers breathtaking views and is considered one of the most stunning locations within the Inca sanctuary. However, it is not recommended for individuals with a fear of heights or vertigo due to its steep terrain.
What is Machupicchu Mountain?
Machu Picchu Mountain rises more than 652 m/2,139 ft above the Sacred City of Machu Picchu and sits at an elevation of 3,082 m/10,111 ft above sea level. It offers unparalleled views of Machu Picchu and is considered a unique and sacred place in the world. Thousands are drawn to its summit every day, seeking the unique energy that Machu Picchu offers, which is considered sacred by the Inca civilization. The summit of Machu Picchu Mountain was used by Inca priests for rituals on special occasions and is a place of worship for the Apu Salkantay.
Where is Machupicchu?
The “Lost City of the Incas” is situated above the Sacred Valley of the Incas in the Cusco department of Peru. Perched at 2,430m above sea level, the Inca citadel overlooks the Urubamba River and is surrounded by majestic forest-covered mountains. Access to Machu Picchu is via the town of Aguas Calientes.
How can I get to Machupicchu?
Most travelers fly into the city of Cusco, from where they can reach the Inca citadel via train, bus, or hiking. The most popular route is the Inca Trail, but there are many alternative trails available. To take the train, travelers must go to the Ollantaytambo Train Station, approximately 1.5 hours away from Cusco by bus. From there, they take a train to Aguas Calientes, which takes around 2 hours. Upon arrival in Aguas Calientes, travelers can either take a bus or walk to the entrance of Machu Picchu.
When is the best time to visit Machupicchu?
Machu Picchu is accessible year-round, with each season offering its own advantages. Traveling during shoulder months (April, May, September, and October) can result in smaller crowds and generally good weather.
The dry season (April to October) is the most popular time to visit, with cooler temperatures and clear skies, although June, July, and August tend to be the busiest months. Traveling during the rainy season (November to March) offers warmer temperatures, fewer crowds, and lush green landscapes.
Can I get to Machupicchu in a Day?
Yes, many day trips are available for exploring Machu Picchu. Travelers can start early in the morning from Cusco, taking a bus to Ollantaytambo followed by a train to Aguas Calientes. From there, a bus or hike takes them to the entrance of Machu Picchu. After a few hours of exploration, they can return to Cusco the same day via bus and train. It’s essential to book Machu Picchu tickets in advance.
How hight is Machupicchu?
Machu Picchu sits at an altitude of 2,430 m above sea level, making it lower than Cusco, which is over 3500m above sea level. Altitude sickness can affect those from lower-altitude locations, although Machu Picchu itself is below the minimum height at which altitude sickness typically becomes a concern. Visitors should be prepared for steep terrain and varying altitudes within the site.
What should I pack for Machupicchu?
Your packing list for Machu Picchu will depend on the weather and the season. Situated in a tropical cloud forest on the edge of the Cusco jungle, the weather at the citadel can be warm and humid, which contrasts with the cold and dry climate of Cusco, the city from which most transportation to the “Lost City of the Incas” departs. As a result, packing essentials may vary. Here are some tips for packing the most essential items for your Machu Picchu trip:
Backpack: A 25-liter backpack should suffice for a full-day trip or even a 2-day/1-night excursion. Remember to carry it with you during your tour of the citadel, which can last two to three hours. Opt for a lightweight backpack for ease of movement. If you plan to hike the Inca Trail or spend multiple days in Aguas Calientes, consider bringing a duffle bag or carry-on luggage weighing no more than 10 kg (22 lb) and with dimensions of 62 inches or 158 cm (height + length + width) for the train journey. This luggage should be stored at the hotel while you carry a smaller backpack during your tour. Complete hand luggage is not permitted at Machu Picchu.
Clothing: While lightweight clothing is suitable for the tropical and warm weather, it’s essential to pack items for cooler temperatures, especially during early morning departures from Cusco and late-night returns. Here are some essential clothing items to consider:
- Warm jacket for chilly early mornings and night arrivals back to Cusco
- Rain jacket or poncho for unexpected showers
- Comfortable trekking shoes/sneakers (keep in mind you’ll be walking over uneven terrain)
- Sneakers or lightweight shoes for your stay in Aguas Calientes
- T-shirts and underwear
- Lightweight, pants for trekking
- Long-sleeve shirts for sun protection and comfort during trekking
- Sunglasses, a hat, or a cap to shield yourself from the sun’s strong rays.
Are there toilets inside of Machupicchu?
There are no bathrooms inside Machu Picchu itself. Visitors must exit the site to use the bathrooms located near the entrance. Re-entry to Machu Picchu is not permitted, so visitors should plan accordingly. It’s advisable to use the bathrooms in Aguas Calientes before entering the site.
